Cement manufacturing is an industrial process with heavy environmental impact, due to the high energy demand and high carbon dioxide emissions associated to its production. In order to make a correct characterization of ...

Building a concrete structure involves not only concrete components production (cement, aggregate, steel reinforcement). It also includes mixing, transporting and casting operations. In Spain, the environmental impact of ...

Steel reinforcement production is subject of study in an environmental life-cycle assessment of structural concrete. Due to the characteristics of the steel sector, an open access for detailed data related to plant operation ...

Aggregates are present in all construction projects, and they are the main component of mortars, concrete and road surface. For adequately characterizing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions involved in their ...

There are various bivalve-canning-producing countries generating large amounts of waste shell, and experimenting important environmental problems. Spain is one of them. Particularly, Galicia (NW Spain) is among the regions ...

In Galicia (NW Spain), the canning industry is an economic and social cornerstone, with great importance at both national and international spheres. This industry generates a large amount of waste shell, leading to an ...

Up to the moment, the Spanish EHE (concrete) and EAE (steel) are the only structural Codes including models for assessing the sustainability of structural systems, in the international arena. Those models suffer of an ...