Análisis de las iniciativas de simbiosis industrial implementadas en puertos europeos.

Abstract

The port industry is facing numerous challenges worldwide, this include environmental problems such as: air, land and water pollution. Some authors point to the lack of a European regulatory framework that leads to better environmental behaviour, while allowing companies to remain viable, competitive and profitable. In this sense, initiatives related to industrial symbiosis play a fundamental role in the use of sub products as inputs in new processes (materials and energy). This article focuses on a review of documents available in websites of each port, with the aim of identifying and analysing the symbiosis activities implemented, to serve as a model for new initiatives.