Revisión de tecnologías de membranas en la eliminación de metales pesados ​​en aguas superficiales para consumo humano

Abstract

Several sources contaminate heavy metals in surface waters. Among the main ones are industries and mining, in addition to natural geological pollution. Several international organizations consider heavy metals as toxic and dangerous. Globally, many bodies of surface water have concentrations of metal ions that exceed the allowed limits. This problem is more significant when water bodies contaminated with metals are used as sources of supply for cities. Therefore, there is an imminent need to apply efficient treatment technologies and with a high metal removal rate. This work makes a bibliographic review of the results obtained in the various experiences of the last 20 years, to identify which of the membrane filtration processes is the most promising for its application, considering different metal ions.