Diseño de una instalación para la recogida de residuos plásticos en mares y océanos.

Abstract

In the present work, an analysis of the problems generated by the use of plastic in society, as well as its environmental impact on seas and oceans, is carried out. Subsequently, the current techniques for minimizing the problem are reviewed and the design of a technical system for the collection of this waste is proposed. For the design, the different industrial equipment and special collection techniques on the market are taken into account. The collection system is based on an "articulated spoon" capable of collecting 50 m3 of plastic/for each dive, anchored to the bow and sides, composed of bars and 40x40 mm metal fabric of mesh light. Once on the boat, the plastic is discharged, sorted, crushed, separated, subjected to a drying and pressing process and stored in 20-foot containers. In the design, the type of plastic found in marine accumulations, their dimensions, their possible degradation by waves, sea currents and ultraviolet radiation, has been considered. This design is intended to be an alternative to existing collection systems, with greater capacity and with greater resistance to marine conditions.